Researchers at Hanyang University in South Korea have developed an AI-guided microneedle patch that changes shape at body temperature to support healing in chronic diabetic wounds.
The device, created by a team led by associate professor Hyun-Do Jung, uses a combination of 4D printing, biomimicry, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanotechnology and surface engineering to deliver regenerative therapy and antibacterial protection.
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It is inspired by the carnivorous plant Drosera capensis, which is known for its ability to capture prey through coordinated movements and adhesion.
The researchers aimed to replicate these actions by developing shape-memory microneedles that actively bend after being applied to tissue.
These structures are fabricated using 4D printing, which allows materials to respond to environmental stimuli; in this case, changing their shape at physiological temperature.
To optimise the performance of the microneedles, the team applied machine-learning (ML) models that predicted how material composition and manufacturing conditions would affect shape recovery.
This approach reduced the need for repeated experimental trials. The study found that Gaussian Process Regression among the ML methods delivered the most accurate and reliable predictions for material behaviour.
Dr Jung said: “This study goes beyond conventional biomimicry by using artificial intelligence to translate nature-inspired principles into a functional biomedical device.
“The key point of this research is not only that it is inspired by nature but that AI helps convert biological inspiration into a predictable, programmable and clinically relevant wound-healing technology.”
In laboratory testing, the microneedles rapidly returned to their pre-set curved form at 37°C, encouraging wound closure and ensuring tissue contact.
The patch also featured adhesive DNA nanoparticles to support tissue regeneration and a zinc-coated surface for antibacterial action.
Experiments showed sustained DNA release, positive cellular responses and notable antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Preclinical trials indicated faster wound closure and enhanced regeneration compared with standard treatments.
Further evaluation is required before clinical use. Researchers suggest that the technology could lead to smart wound patches and medical implants that adapt to the body’s environment in future applications.
