It is critical for premature infants to maintain a constant temperature. Premature babies normally have little body fat and can struggle to regulate their own temperature. Infants can lose body heat four times faster than adults, and if a baby’s skin temperature drops just one degree, the baby’s oxygen use can increase by 10%.

In neonatal intensive care units, keeping an infant’s temperature stable is a challenge when doctors and nurses are treating these small patients. A well-known company based in Germany has been working closely with Watlow for around four years to develop a new line of infant incubators that provide the constant temperature these small babies require.

The enterprise manufactures medical devices for hospitals and safety products for emergency services, law enforcement, mining and industry. The company’s Babyleo TN500 IncuWarmer brings new technology to improve care for premature infants.

Key account manager Torsten Roth said: “In a former device, they used a ceramic heater in the reflector.

“The infant beds are rolled around a lot and when they hit doorways, it would shake the bed and break the ceramic heater. Obviously, they don’t want pieces of the heater to fall on the babies.”

The new incubator provides multiple sources of heat to keep each baby’s temperature constant. They approached Watlow’s former site in Kronau, Germany, to provide a pair of FIREROD® cartridge heaters for each reflector over the infant to provide heat when the lid of the incubator is opened for access to the baby. The work was eventually shifted to Watlow in St. Louis where development has continued during several rounds of testing.

The reflector uses radiant heat to provide a constant 37°C temperature for the infant. In the warmup stage of the device, the heaters ramp up to 600°C. To ensure efficient heat transfer to the infant, the surfaces of the FIREROD heaters are blackened by lasers to improve the emissivity of the heaters. There is better radiant heat transfer from a black surface compared to a shiny metal one.

A St. Louis company blackens the heaters with a laser, meaning there is no paint or covering to flake off above the baby over time. In addition, parts are only shipped to Germany once after all the work on the heaters is completed in St. Louis. During reliability testing, engineers changed the pin wire inside the cartridge heaters to prolong the life of the product.

The customer also had a requirement for the heaters to have low leakage current. The FIRERODS have an 8mm core inside a 10mm sheath. By reducing the diameter of the ceramic wind core, the distance between the element wire and the metal sheath increased. That’s important because it allows more ceramic fill material which increases the thickness of the dielectric layer. That in turn reduces the linkage current.

Torsten said: “Testing is very crucial in this application because the equipment is all about helping small babies.

“Our client has other suppliers for cartridge heaters, but none of them could meet this high-performance application. Watlow has shown through the testing and development that we have the engineering team and the manufacturing capability to make it happen.”